>PROBLEM
>SOLUTION
After some research, the best documentation to fix this was "Recovering from repository corruption" but also comments that against corruption the best alternative is a backup.
Although having backups, it didn't help in this case because the backups also had exactly the same issue since a backup is a copy. Because it is not an incremental copy, the backup was useless.
SAVING THE PAST
Faster than trying to fix it for the sake of time saving, the corrupted remote repository was renamed from "code" to "code_corrupted_200220" and saved its copy.
This backup may be used to get some previous commit, or even an attempt to fix it if really necessary just because it is required an old version of a file. Since "clone" command was able to clone to local repository although the warning, this corrupted remote repository is still useful to recover old stuff.
GOING AHEAD WITH THE FUTURE
mkdir clone
cd clone
The old one is preserved in the backup mentioned above, just in case.
The procedure was usual except that it is required to set upstream, resembling the procedure when a remote repository is switched (git remote remove origin, git remote add origin new_path).
git commit -am "MACHINE_NAME: corrupted remote repository switching"
git pull origin master
git push --set-upstream origin master
The same procedure was repeated to all local clients.
In such cases it would be useful to have two files in different positions on the disk, in order to recover the information from a particular damaged disk position. This should be really an option because it would double the resources' requirement, but sometimes it is a desirable option if hardware has the power to supply this redundancy without being noticeable and disk space is not a restriction.
The full disk was checked successfully. No errors found, except this occurrence.